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Table Of Contents
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT)
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) involves breathing pure oxygen in a pressurized chamber, typically at pressures higher than normal atmospheric levels. This treatment is utilized to address various medical conditions and offers numerous potential benefits.
During an HBOT session, patients inhale oxygen at levels greater than those found at sea level, which helps facilitate tissue healing and repair.
HBOT is commonly used to treat conditions such as decompression sickness in divers, non-healing wounds, carbon monoxide poisoning, and radiation injuries. Oxygen therapy has shown to be effective in treating chronic headaches as well.
Originating in the USA, Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy is used to stimulate blood circulation and oxygenation within the body for healing and recovery. Backed by evidence-based research, it has been proven that the brain is highly sensitive to changes in circulating oxygen levels, with low or absent oxygen quickly leading to unconsciousness or permanent brain damage.
As of July 2021, the FDA has cleared hyperbaric chambers for the following disorders:
Conditions for which hyperbaric chambers are cleared for marketing by the FDA
https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy-get-facts
1. Decompression sickness
Decompression sickness, also known as “the bends,” occurs when nitrogen bubbles form in the bloodstream due to rapid decompression, such as after diving. HBOT is the primary treatment for this condition. By increasing atmospheric pressure and oxygen concentration, HBOT shrinks the nitrogen bubbles and rapidly restores oxygen to affected tissues, preventing or reversing neurological and musculoskeletal damage.
2. Wounds (non-healing, diabetic foot ulcers)
One of the most established uses of HBOT is in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers and other chronic non-healing wounds. In these patients, poor circulation results in hypoxic (low-oxygen) tissues, slowing down wound healing. HBOT dramatically enhances oxygen delivery to these tissues, stimulating fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, and new blood vessel formation (angiogenesis), all critical to wound repair.
Huang X, Liang P, Jiang B, Zhang P, Yu W, Duan M, Guo L, Cui X, Huang M, Huang X.
Hyperbaric oxygen potentiates diabetic wound healing by promoting fibroblast cell proliferation and endothelial cell angiogenesis.
3. Carbon Monoxide (CO) Poisoning
Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin more readily than oxygen, leading to tissue hypoxia and potential brain damage. HBOT works by rapidly removing CO from the bloodstream, restoring normal oxygen transport and reducing the risk of permanent neurological damage. It’s an emergency treatment that can be lifesaving.
4. Radiation Injuries (Osteoradionecrosis, Cystitis, Proctitis)
Healthy tissues surrounding a tumor can be affected by radiation therapy, sometimes leading to delayed complications known as radiation injuries. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) is FDA-approved for treating these latent radiation-induced tissue damages, as it helps repair and regenerate the affected areas.
Jeffrey S. Cooper; Mary E. Hanley; Stephen Hendriksen; Marc Robins.
Hyperbaric Treatment of Delayed Radiation Injury
5. Air and gas bubbles in blood vessels
6. Anemia
Severe anemia when blood transfusions cannot be used.
7. Burns
Severe and large burns treated at a specialized burn center.
8. Crush injury
9. Gas gangrene
10. Hearing loss
Complete hearing loss that occurs suddenly and without any known cause.
11. Infection of the skin and bone (severe)
12. Skin graft flap at risk of tissue death
13. Vision loss
When sudden and painless in one eye due to blockage of blood flow.
HBOT is being studied for other conditions, including COVID-19. However, at this time, the FDA has not cleared or authorized the use of any HBOT device to treat COVID-19 or any conditions beyond those listed above. The website, clinicaltrials.gov, has more information on HBOT clinical trials for COVID-19 and other conditions.
Chronic Headaches
Though not yet an FDA-approved indication, HBOT has been reported to alleviate chronic headaches, possibly due to its cerebrovascular effects, improving oxygen supply to the brain and reducing neuroinflammation and pain perception.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
HBOT is being actively investigated for treating TBI, particularly mild TBI or post-concussion syndrome. It enhances oxygenation in damaged brain tissues, supports mitochondrial recovery, and promotes neurogenesis and angiogenesis. These processes may help reduce cognitive symptoms such as memory loss, fatigue, and brain fog.
Stroke Recovery
In patients recovering from a stroke, HBOT can restore oxygen to areas with reduced blood flow and aid in neurological recovery. Studies show improvements in memory, cognitive function, and quality of life, likely due to improved brain perfusion and reduced inflammation.
Amir Hadanny, Mor Rittblat, Mor Bitterman, Ido May-Raz, Gil Suzin, Rahav Boussi-Gross, Yonatan Zemel, Yair Bechor, Merav Catalogna, Shai Efrati
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves neurocognitive functions of post-stroke patients - a retrospective analysis
Avascular Necrosis (AVN) of the Femoral Head (Emerging Use)
Avascular necrosis (AVN), particularly of the femoral head, is a degenerative condition caused by reduced blood supply to bone tissue, leading to cell death and eventual joint collapse. Risk factors include corticosteroid use, alcohol abuse, diabetes, and decompression sickness.
HBOT is being studied as a non-surgical intervention for AVN by enhancing oxygen delivery to ischemic bone tissue, reducing edema, and promoting angiogenesis and bone remodeling. In the referenced 30-year retrospective study from Fremantle and Fiona Stanley Hospitals, patients who received ≥20 HBOT sessions showed improvements in MRI findings, symptom relief, and potentially reduced surgical needs.
While promising, HBOT for AVN remains an off-label and investigational use, requiring more high-quality randomized controlled trials before it can be considered an established therapy.
John RB Currie, Ian C Gawthrope, Neil D Banham
The use of hyperbaric oxygen for avascular necrosis of the femoral head and femoral condyle: a single centre’s experience over 30 years
Motasem Salameh, Isam S. Moghamis, Osama Kokash, Ghalib O. Ahmed
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of Steinberg I and II avascular necrosis of the femoral head: a report of fifteen cases and literature review
Long COVID / Post-COVID Syndrome
HBOT has been shown to help individuals experiencing prolonged post-COVID symptoms, including fatigue, cognitive dysfunction (“brain fog”), and breathlessness. It reduces systemic inflammation and improves oxygenation, especially in underperfused areas of the brain and lungs.
Shani Zilberman-Itskovich, Merav Catalogna, Efrat Sasson, Karin Elman-Shina, Amir Hadanny, Erez Lang, Shachar Finci, Nir Polak, Gregory Fishlev, Calanit Korin, Ran Shorer, Yoav Parag, Marina Sova, Shai Efrati
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves neurocognitive functions and symptoms of post-COVID condition: randomized controlled trial
Bing-Qi Wu, De-Yi Liu, Te-Chun Shen, Yu-Ru Lai, Tsai-Ling Yu, Hsiang-Li Hsu,Hsiu-Ming Lee, Wei-Chih Liao and Te-Chun Hsia
Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Long COVID:A Systematic Review
Jian Joli, Patrizia Buck, Stephan Zipfel and Andreas Stengel
Post-COVID-19 fatigue: A systematic review
Longevity and Healthy Aging
HBOT may help slow or reverse biological aging by enhancing cellular and molecular repair processes. Notably, it can lengthen telomeres by up to 38% and reduce senescent (aged) cell count by up to 37%. It stimulates the proliferation and mobilization of stem cells, enhances antioxidant defense mechanisms, and encourages new capillary growth—all of which are associated with healthier aging and tissue regeneration.
Manoj Gupta and Jaishriram Rathored
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Future Prospects in Regenerative Therapy and Anti-aging
Skin Aging
HBOT significantly improves signs of skin aging. It reduces elastic fiber fragmentation, increases collagen density, promotes angiogenesis (new blood vessels), and reduces the number of senescent skin cells. These changes result in healthier, more youthful-looking skin and may delay the visible effects of aging.
Yafit Hachmo, Amir Hadanny, Sonia Mendelovic, Pnina Hillman, Eyal Shapira, GevaLandau, Hadar Gattegno, Avi Zrachya, Malka Daniel-Kotovsky, Merav Catalogna, GregoryFishlev, Erez Lang, Nir Polak, Keren Doenyas, Mony Friedman, Yonatan Zemel, Yair Bechor, Shai Efrati
The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the pathophysiology of skin aging: a prospective clinical trial
Sleep Improvement and Insomnia
HBOT promotes deeper, more restorative sleep by increasing oxygen availability in the brain. This enhances melatonin production, reduces sleep latency, and improves overall sleep architecture. Patients report better recovery and reduced fatigue. The therapy may benefit individuals with chronic insomnia or sleep-disordered breathing.
Chronic Fatigue
By increasing oxygen at the cellular level, HBOT enhances mitochondrial function and energy production, which can reduce symptoms of chronic fatigue. This is especially useful for individuals recovering from viral illnesses, including post-viral fatigue syndromes like Long COVID.
Jian Joli, Patrizia Buck, Stephan Zipfel and Andreas Stengel
Post-COVID-19 fatigue: A systematic review
Fertility Enhancement
HBOT creates an oxygen-rich environment that is favorable for reproductive health by promoting angiogenesis and regulating oxidative stress. It can improve uterine lining quality and oxygen delivery to reproductive organs, thus enhancing the success rate of assisted reproductive technologies like IVF.
Miguel A. Ortega, Oscar Fraile-Martinez, Cielo García-Montero, Enrique Callejón-Peláez, Miguel A. Sáez, Miguel A. Álvarez-Mon, Natalio García-Honduvilla, Jorge Monserrat, Melchor Álvarez-Mon, Julia Bujan and María Luisa Canals
A General Overview on the Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy:Applications, Mechanisms and Translational Opportunities
Ana Mitrović, Branka Nikolić, Svetlana Dragojević, Predrag Brkić, Aleksandar Ljubić, Tomislav Jovanović
Hyperbaric Oxygenation As A Possible Therapy Of Choice For Infertility Treatment
Bang Liu, Jin Wang, Lvjun Liu, Mengmei Lv, Dai Zhou, Min Li
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for male infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis on improvingsperm quality and fertility outcomes
Bone Health
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) enhances tissue oxygenation by delivering 100% oxygen at elevated pressures and has shown promise in treating bone diseases. Research indicates that HBOT promotes bone healing by stimulating osteoblast activity, encouraging angiogenesis, and modulating inflammation and oxidative stress. It has demonstrated therapeutic benefits in fracture healing, bone defect repair, and osteoporosis by targeting key bone signaling pathways. While clinical studies support its efficacy, the optimal HBOT protocols for different bone conditions are still being determined.
Jie Feng, Chenyu Zhu, Jun Zou, and Lingli Zhang
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for the Treatment of Bone-Related Diseases
Sports Injury Recovery
HBOT can accelerate healing from muscle strains, ligament tears, and bone injuries. It reduces inflammation, promotes tissue remodeling, and supports cell regeneration. Elite athletes have used HBOT to recover from fatigue and injury more quickly during competitions.
NAVID MOGHADAM, MICHINARI HIEDA, LINDSAY RAMEY, BENJAMIN D. LEVINE,and RENIE GUILLIOD
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Sports Musculoskeletal Injuries
Jinhee Woo, Jae-Hee Min, Yul-Hyo Lee and Hee-Tae Roh
Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Inflammation, Oxidative/Antioxidant Balance, and Muscle Damage after Acute Exercise in Normobaric, Normoxic and Hypobaric, Hypoxic Environments: A Pilot Study
Cognitive Improvement in Autism
HBOT has shown promising effects in some children with autism, particularly in improving cerebral perfusion and reducing neuroinflammation. At low pressures (up to 1.5 ATA), it is well-tolerated and has led to behavioral and language improvements in some clinical studies, though more research is needed.
Chronic Inflammation and Autoimmune Modulation
HBOT reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6 while boosting anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10. This makes it beneficial for chronic inflammatory conditions such as eczema, arthritis, or other systemic inflammatory states. It also improves vascular stability and immune regulation.
Nofar Schottlender, Irit Gottfried and Uri Ashery
Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment: Effects on Mitochondrial Function and Oxidative Stress
Aesthetic Medicine and Skin Recovery
In cosmetic procedures, especially dermal fillers or minimally invasive treatments, HBOT has been used to prevent or treat skin necrosis and tissue ischemia. It accelerates healing, improves blood flow to compromised areas, and reduces the risk of scarring and complications.
Mendy Hatibie Oley, Maximillian Christian Oley, Ferra Olivia Mawu, Deanette Michelle R Aling, Muhammad Faruk
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Managing Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Procedure Complications: A Report of Three Cases
Qiqiong Yang, MD | Zhiyuan Shi, PhD, MD | Shuyi Pan, PhD, MD | Hang Li, PhD, MD
Transcutaneous oxygen tension-guided hyperbaric oxygen therapy for preventing skin necrosis after hyaluronic acid filler injections
Infections and Antimicrobial Support
HBOT supports the immune system in fighting off difficult-to-treat infections by enhancing white blood cell function, increasing oxygen levels in infected tissues, and even suppressing the growth of certain anaerobic bacteria. This includes infections such as necrotizing fasciitis and chronic osteomyelitis.
Mohammad Yousef Memara, Mina Yekania, Naser Alizadehd, Hossein Bannazadeh Baghia
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: Antimicrobial mechanisms and clinical application for infections
Infections and Antimicrobial Support
HBOT supports the immune system in fighting off difficult-to-treat infections by enhancing white blood cell function, increasing oxygen levels in infected tissues, and even suppressing the growth of certain anaerobic bacteria. This includes infections such as necrotizing fasciitis and chronic osteomyelitis.
Little nonya star Zetong loves our luxury Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
Approved by Bryan Johnson
The most measured man in the world, Bryan Johnson, reveals his results from 90 days of hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Bryan Johnson’s Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Results: What He Found After 60 Sessions
Bryan Johnson, a venture capitalist famous for investing millions into age-reversal technologies, recently shared the results of undergoing 60 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Best known for its use in treating decompression sickness in divers, HBOT is also FDA-approved for various medical conditions like vision loss, hearing loss, and wound healing. However, its potential as an anti-aging therapy remains under investigation.
HBOT involves breathing pure oxygen in a pressurized chamber, increasing oxygen levels in blood and tissue. Johnson, who frequently monitors his biological age markers, used his rigorous data tracking to evaluate the impact of HBOT on aging-related metrics—and the results, according to him, were impressive.
The Protocol
Over a 90-day period, Johnson completed 60 HBOT sessions using a hardshell chamber pressurized to 2 atmospheres. Each session lasted 90 minutes, during which he alternated between breathing 100% oxygen for 20 minutes and taking 5-minute breaks. He reported these sessions delivered significant improvements across multiple health indicators.
“HBOT ranks as one of the highest value health therapies I’ve done,” Johnson shared on X.
Key Improvements Reported
1. Inflammation
Johnson reported that HBOT completely eliminated systemic inflammation in his body. His high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels fell below detectable limits. In addition, his C-reactive protein metabolite (CRPm) levels ranked in the lowest 1% of individuals tested—suggesting a powerful anti-inflammatory effect.
2. Muscle Oxygen Utilization
HBOT is known to improve blood vessel formation (angiogenesis). Johnson’s vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels rose by 300%, supporting increased vascularization. Additionally, skeletal muscle oxygen saturation (SmO₂) more than doubled during exercise at 210 watts after 40 sessions.
3. Telomerase Activity
Telomeres—protective caps at the end of chromosomes—shorten with age. Johnson found that HBOT boosted his telomerase activity to 7.7%, a level comparable to that of a 12-year-old. While his telomere length data was compromised by a lab error, he plans to retest and share those results later.
4. Gut Health
HBOT led to a 250% increase in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and a 290% rise in n-butyrate levels—both essential for gut and metabolic health. Notably, the presence of Akkermansia muciniphila, a beneficial gut bacterium linked to strong intestinal barriers and metabolic balance, rose by 1000%.
5. Brain Aging
In Alzheimer’s disease, elevated tau protein levels in the brain are associated with inflammation and cognitive decline. Johnson’s phosphorylated tau (TAU127) dropped by 28.6%, from 0.14 pg/mL to 0.1 pg/mL, a level well below the Alzheimer’s risk threshold (0.18 pg/mL). This suggests a reversal of brain aging biomarkers.
6. Skin Aging
Johnson reported a reduction in his skin’s biological age from 39 to 38, based on skin texture, pore size, pigmentation, and other metrics. He also cited studies showing HBOT can increase collagen, blood flow, and reduce skin-cell senescence.
“The outcomes match what we observed in the scientific literature and what we predicted in deciding to do this therapy. What’s notable is that after achieving elite level biomarkers over the past four years, my team and I have struggled to find new therapies that meaningfully improve my biomarkers. HBOT achieved that,” said Johnson.
Scientific Alignment
Johnson emphasized that the outcomes of his self-experiment align closely with existing scientific literature on HBOT. Given that he had already optimized many of his health markers over the past four years, he was surprised to find HBOT delivering additional meaningful improvements.
“After achieving elite-level biomarkers... HBOT achieved that,” he wrote.
A Free Alternative: Slow Breathing
For those unable to afford HBOT, Johnson and researchers suggest an alternative: conscious breathing techniques that activate the parasympathetic nervous system. This system regulates inflammation and oxidative stress—key drivers of aging.
A study by Gerbarg and Brown (2016) recommends breathing at a rate of 4.5–6 breaths per minute to balance the autonomic nervous system and promote calm alertness. Breathing even slower (3 or fewer breaths per minute) can induce a meditative, deeply restorative state.
Yafit Hachmo1,*, Amir Hadanny2,3,4,*, Sonia Mendelovic5, Pnina Hillman5, Eyal Shapira6,
Geva Landau6, Hadar Gattegno1, Avi Zrachya1, Malka Daniel-Kotovsky2, Merav Catalogna2,
Gregory Fishlev2, Erez Lang2, Nir Polak2, Keren Doenyas2, Mony Friedman2, Yonatan Zemel2,
Yair Bechor2, Shai Efrati1,2,3,7
Published in AGING 2021, Vol. 13, No, 22
This study presents a research study evaluating the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on skin aging in a normal aging population through skin biopsies and various physiological assessments.
Key Findings on Skin Aging 13
The study revealed significant histological changes in the skin of participants after HBOT, indicating its potential to reverse some aging effects. 14
- No changes in elastic fiber density or thickness were noted, but fragmentation decreased significantly (90% high fragmentation to 10% post-HBOT). 15
- Collagen fiber density increased significantly from 67.84±10.98% at baseline to 76.61±9.52% post-HBOT.
- Papillary layer thickness decreased significantly from 133.22±22.42 μm to 106.60±31.01 μm after HBOT.
- The number of blood vessels increased from 24.00±15.72 to 33.40±12.28 post-HBOT. 17
Mechanisms of Action
The study suggests that HBOT may exert its effects through mechanisms such as angiogenesis and clearance of senescent cells, which are critical in the aging process. 18
- HBOT induced angiogenesis, evidenced by increased CD31 intensity (625.81±394.29 post-HBOT). 19
- The number of senescent cells decreased significantly from 3.14±1.06 to 2.48±1.23 after HBOT. 7
- The study highlights the role of hypoxic-induced factors (HIFs) in promoting angiogenesis through HBOT. 20
Conclusion
Therefore, in this study, Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been shown to significantly improve skin aging in a healthy aging population by enhancing collagen density, elastic fiber length, and reducing aged, senescent skin cells.
This study is the first to demonstrate these effects in humans, indicating potential therapeutic benefits of HBOT for skin aging.
The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the pathophysiology of skin aging: a prospective clinical trial.pdf
This paper reports on a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on physical performance and cardiac perfusion in sedentary older adults.
Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Aging
The study investigates the impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on physical performance and cardiac function in sedentary older adults. Results indicate significant improvements in oxygen consumption and cardiac perfusion following HBOT.
Study Design and Methodology
A randomized controlled trial conducted from 2016 to 2020.
Involved 63 adults aged 64 and older, divided into HBOT (n=30) and control (n=33) groups.
Participants underwent 60 sessions of HBOT over 12 weeks, breathing 100% oxygen at 2 ATA for 90 minutes.
Primary endpoints included VO2Max and VO2Max/kg; secondary endpoints included cardiac perfusion and pulmonary function.
Key Findings on Physical Performance
Significant increase in VO2Max/kg by 1.91 ± 3.29 ml/kg/min (p = 0.0034) with a net effect size of 0.455.
VO2 consumption at the first ventilatory threshold (VO2VT1) increased by 160.03 ± 155.35 ml/min (p < 0.001) with a net effect size of 0.617.
Cardiac Perfusion Improvements
Global myocardial blood flow (MBF) increased from 0.34 ± 0.10 to 0.42 ± 0.19 ml/100 g/min (p = 0.008), with a large effect size of 0.797.
Global myocardial blood volume (MBV) increased from 0.53 ± 0.14 to 0.61 ± 0.22 ml/100 g (p = 0.009), with an effect size of 0.896.
Moderate correlations observed between MBV changes and VO2Max (r = 0.45, p = 0.043).
Enhancements in Physical Performance with HBOT
The study demonstrates that Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) significantly improves physical performance metrics in elderly individuals, particularly in VO2Max and cardiac perfusion. These enhancements are crucial for maintaining an independent lifestyle in older adults.
VO2Max, VO2Max/Kg, and VO2VT1 significantly increased in the HBOT group compared to the control group.
The HBOT group exhibited improved general cardiac perfusion, measured by Myocardial Blood Flow (MBF) and Myocardial Blood Volume (MBV).
The elderly rely heavily on VO2Max for daily tasks, making these improvements particularly relevant.
Participant Characteristics and Demographics
The study involved a total of 63 participants, divided into control and HBOT groups, with a focus on their health and demographic characteristics.
Average age of participants was 69.70 years, with 61.9% being male.
36.5% had a history of orthopedic surgery, and 47.6% had dyslipidemia.
Chronic conditions included hypertension (22%), diabetes mellitus (15.9%), and atrial fibrillation (6.3%).
Baseline Measurements and Comparisons
Baseline measurements were taken to assess the initial health status of participants before the intervention.
Height, weight, BMI, and body surface area (BSA) were similar across groups, with no significant differences.
VO2Max was recorded at 1514.62 ± 521.17 mL/min, with no significant difference between groups.
VO2Max/Kg was 19.73 ± 5.93 mL/kg/min, also showing no significant differences.
Changes in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET)
The study evaluated changes in CPET parameters to assess the impact of HBOT on physical performance.
VO2Max increased significantly in the HBOT group (1517.98 ± 488.42 mL/min) compared to the control group (1584.70 ± 493.87 mL/min).
VO2VT1 showed a significant increase in the HBOT group (927.57 ± 308.28 mL/min) compared to baseline.
Power output and other secondary endpoints showed no significant changes.
Cardiac Perfusion Improvements with HBOT
The study highlights the effects of HBOT on cardiac perfusion, indicating potential benefits for heart health in elderly individuals.
MBF increased significantly in the HBOT group (0.30 ± 0.08) compared to baseline (0.34 ± 0.10).
MBV also showed significant improvement in the HBOT group (0.46 ± 0.12) compared to baseline (0.53 ± 0.14).
These changes suggest enhanced cardiac microcirculation due to HBOT.
The study's design allows for the isolation of HBOT effects, supporting the validity of the findings.
Conclusion on HBOT's Impact on Elderly Performance
The findings suggest that HBOT can significantly enhance physical performance in aging adults, particularly in terms of oxygen consumption and cardiac function.
The study indicates that combining HBOT with physical training may yield synergistic effects, warranting further investigation.
The results underscore the potential of HBOT as a therapeutic intervention for improving quality of life in the elderly.
Physical enhancement of older adults using hyperbaric oxygen: a randomized controlled trial
Background
Previous studies have shown that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) can improve the motor functions and memory of post-stroke patients in the chronic stage.
Objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of HBOT on overall cognitive functions of post-stroke patients in the chronic stage. The nature, type and location of the stroke were investigated as possible modifiers.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who were treated with HBOT for chronic stroke (>3 months) between 2008-2018. Participants were treated in a multi-place hyperbaric chamber with the following protocols: 40 to 60 daily sessions, 5 days per week, each session included 90 min of 100% oxygen at 2 ATA with 5 min air brakes every 20 minutes. Clinically significant improvements (CSI) were defined as > 0.5 standard deviation (SD).
Results
The study included 162 patients (75.3% males) with a mean age of 60.75 ± 12.91. Of them, 77(47.53%) had cortical strokes, 87(53.7%) strokes were located in the left hemisphere and 121 suffered ischemic strokes (74.6%). HBOT induced a significant increase in all the cognitive function domains (p < 0.05), with 86% of the stroke victims achieving CSI. There were no significant differences post-HBOT of cortical strokes compared to sub-cortical strokes (p > 0.05). Hemorrhagic strokes had a significantly higher improvement in information processing speed post-HBOT (p < 0.05). Left hemisphere strokes had a higher increase in the motor domain (p < 0.05). In all cognitive domains, the baseline cognitive function was a significant predictor of CSI (p < 0.05), while stroke type, location and side were not significant predictors.
Conclusions
HBOT induces significant improvements in all cognitive domains even in the late chronic stage. The selection of post-stroke patients for HBOT should be based on functional analysis and baseline cognitive scores rather than the stroke type, location or side of lesion.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves neurocognitive functions of post-stroke patients – a retrospective analysis
This document discusses a 30-year experience with hyperbaric oxygen treatment for avascular necrosis of the femoral head and condyle.
Introduction
Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a rare degenerative disease affecting 300,000–600,000 people annually. The femoral head is the most common site, accounting for 75% of cases. AVN can progress to joint destruction, often requiring surgical intervention. Risk factors include steroid use, diabetes, alcoholism, and decompression sickness. The Steinberg classification is used to grade AVN severity.
Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted at Fremantle and Fiona Stanley Hospitals from 1989 to 2014. Patients treated with at least 20 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for AVN were included.
Primary outcome
Changes in MRI results; secondary outcomes: subjective improvement and need for surgery.
Results
21 joints in 14 patients were treated; 14 femoral heads and 7 femoral condyles. 64% of femoral head joints showed stable or improved MRI scans post-treatment. 71% reported good subjective outcomes; 3 joints required surgical intervention. In the femoral condyle group, all joints had stable or improved MRI scans, with no surgeries required.
Discussion
AVN significantly impacts quality of life and is increasingly prevalent due to rising diabetes rates. HBOT may reduce edema and restore blood flow, potentially preventing disease progression. The study's results align with previous research, showing similar effectiveness of HBOT in treating AVN.
Conclusions
HBOT may prevent disease progression in femoral AVN, with results comparable to other studies. The study supports the role of HBOT in treating femoral AVN, showing both radiological and subjective improvements.
The use of hyperbaric oxygen for avascular necrosis of the femoral head and femoral condyle: a single centre’s experience over 30 years
Overview
This document reports on the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for treating avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
Abstract
The study involved 15 patients with Steinberg I-II avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Average follow-up was 22 months, with 13 patients showing satisfactory outcomes. Pain scores improved significantly (P<0.001), and 26.7% of hips progressed to collapse. No complications were reported, indicating safety and effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Introduction
Avascular necrosis (AVN) can lead to debilitating conditions and major surgeries. Early intervention is crucial to prevent joint arthroplasty.
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is a less invasive alternative that improves microcirculation and reduces bone edema.
Materials and Methods
Data collected from a registry of patients treated between January 2010 and December 2018.
Inclusion Criteria
Adults with non-traumatic Steinberg stage I-II AVN confirmed by MRI.
Patients received 25-40 sessions of HBO therapy, with clinical evaluations conducted at regular intervals.
Results
15 patients (17 hips) treated; mean age was 36 years, with 47% females.
73.3% were Steinberg stage II; 86.7% had satisfactory outcomes with an average Oxford hip score of 37.3. Pain scores decreased from 5.1 to 1.5 (P<0.001), with no complications reported.
Discussion
HBO therapy showed a high rate of satisfactory outcomes (P=0.001).
26.7% of cases progressed to collapse, but all had satisfactory outcomes at follow-up. More high-level studies are needed to validate HBO's effectiveness in AVN treatment.
Clinical Outcome
Previous studies reported significant improvements in pain scores and hip range of motion with HBO therapy. Comparisons with untreated groups showed HBO significantly reduced the likelihood of lesion progression.
Radiological Outcome
Studies indicated that HBO therapy can lead to stable disease and radiographic improvement over time. Higher effectiveness noted in earlier stages of AVN.
Molecular Biology
HBO therapy influences the OPG/RANKL system, which is crucial in bone metabolism. Significant increases in soluble OPG were observed after HBO treatment.
Conclusion
HBO is a safe and effective treatment for pre-collapse AVN of the femoral head, with low rates of progression to collapse. Further validation through larger-scale trials is necessary.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of Steinberg I and II avascular necrosis of the femoral head: a report of fifteen cases and literature review
Memar MY, Yekani M, Alizadeh N, Baghi HB.Hyperbaric oxygen therapy:
Antimicrobial Mechanisms and Clinical Application for Infections
Moghadam N, Hieda M, Ramey L, Levine BD, Guilliod R.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Sports Musculoskeletal Injuries.
Huang X, Liang P, Jiang B, Zhang P, Yu W, Duan M, Guo L, Cui X, Huang M, Huang X.
Hyperbaric oxygen potentiates diabetic wound healing by promoting fibroblast cell proliferation and endothelial cell angiogenesis.
Hadanny A, Rittblat M, Bitterman M, May-Raz I, Suzin G, Boussi-Gross R, Zemel Y, Bechor Y, Catalogna M, Efrati S.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves neurocognitive functions of post-stroke patients – a retrospective analysis.
Zilberman-Itskovich S, Catalogna M, Sasson E, Elman-Shina K, Hadanny A, Lang E, Finci S,Polak N, Fishlev G, Korin C, Shorer R,
Parag Y, Sova M, Efrati S.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves neurocognitive functions and symptoms of post-COVID condition: randomized controlled trial.
P, Shapira E, Landau G, Gattegno H, Zrachya A, Daniel-Kotovsky M, Catalogna M, Fishlev G, Lang E, Polak N, Doenyas K, Friedman M, Zemel Y, Bechor Y, Efrati S.
The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the pathophysiology of skin aging: a prospective clinical trial.
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